tips.xml

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<tips>
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<item name="grade_quality_definition">
  <message>
      <p><b>High quality</b> - Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect</p>
      <p><b>Moderate quality</b> - Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate</p>
      <p><b>Low quality</b> - Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate</p>
      <p><b>Very low quality</b> - Any estimate of effect is very uncertain</p>
      <p>See <a href='/methods.html'>methods</a> for more detail.</p>
    </message>
  <link>
    <text>GRADE. BMJ, 2008</text>
    <href>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2335261/</href>
  </link>
</item>
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<item name="smd_definition">
  <message>
    <p>The standardized mean difference (SMD) is: (difference in mean outcomes)/(standard deviation of mean outcome)</p>
    <p>In the interpretation of SMD (PMID: <a href="http://pubmed.gov/19565683">19565683</a>):</p>
    	<p><ul>
    		<li>0.2 represents a small effect,</li>
    		<li>0.5 a moderate effect,</li>
    		<li>&gt; 0.8 a large effect,</li> 
    	</ul></p>
    <p>The 'standardization' allows pooling of different types of outcomes.</p>
    </message>
  <link>
    <text>Cochrane Handbook</text>
    <href>http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_12/12_6_2_re_expressing_smds_using_rules_of_thumb_for_effect_sizes.htm</href>
  </link>
</item>
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<item name="SoF_explanation">
  <message>
    <p>The Summary of Findings Table (SoF) is:</p>
    <p>A product of the GRADE Working Group and is a distillation of the GRADE Evidence Profile. The SoF creates a transparent structure for asessing the quality of evidence and displaying the estimate of quality along with the projected impact of a medical intervention or test.</p>
  <link>
    <text>Cochrane Handbook</text>
    <href>http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_11/11_5_summary_of_findings_tables.htm</href>
  </link>
  </message>
</item>
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<item name="heterogeneity">
  <message>
    <p>Heterogeneity of pooled results is qualified by the Cochrane handbook as:</p>
    <p>'0% to 40%: might not be important'</p>
    <p>'30% to 60%: may represent moderate heterogeneity'</p>
    <p>'50% to 90%: may represent substantial heterogeneity'</p>
    <p>'75% to 100%: considerable heterogeneity'</p>
    <p>'Inconsistency' of results downgrades the quality of evidence per the GRADE Profile.</p>
  <link>
    <text>Cochrane Handbook</text>
    <href>https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current/chapter-10#section-10-10-2</href>
  </link>
  </message>
</item>
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<item name="xmlhelp">
  <message>
    <p>1. Only use letters, basic characters (:;,.-=), and digits. For example, use 'less than' rather than &lt;.</p>
    <p>2. To collaboratively edit with a colleague over a conference call, use https://kobra.io/ and set the file type to 'xml'.</p>
    <p>3. To trouble shoot errors, save the file onto your computer as test.xml. Then open in Chrome, FireFox, or Safari to learn which line contains the error.</p>
  <link>
    <text></text>
    <href></href>
  </link>
  </message>
</item>
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<item name="cited_references">
  <message>
    <p>Search for relevent studies published subsequently by identifying newer studies that cited a specific study in their references.</p>
  <link>
    <text>Instructions at SUMSearch.org</text>
    <href>https://sumsearch.org/searching/</href>
  </link>
  </message>
</item>
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</tips>